Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Etiology

Airway Genetics and Ambient Combustion Aerosol

Although many subjectively unrecognize the airway as pathological - critical defects exist in MCS people.

MEGGS W.J. HYPOTHESIS FOR INDUCTION AND PROPAGATION OF CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY BASED ON BIOPSY STUDIES. ENV H PERSPECT SUPPL 2: 473-78 1997:

"...There are defects in the tight junctions between respiratory epithelial cells , focal desquamation of the epithelial cells in places, hypertrophy of glandular structures, lymphocytic infiltrates, and proliferation of sensory nerve fibers ...   

Airway injury develops from pollution exposure - although it may take less in those without the genetic predisposition of MCS - and the alteration and expression may be different.


CALDERON-GARCIDUENAS ET AL. LONG-TERM AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROINFLAMMATION, AN ALTERED INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE, DISRUPTION OF THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER, ULTRAFINE PARTICULATE DEPOSITION, AND ACCUMULATION OF AMYLOID BETA-42 AND ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS. TOX PATHOL 36: 289-310 2008:

"...Induction of upper respiratory , lung epithelial, and endothelial injury leading to persistent chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract and systemic inflammation. The systemic inflammation is accompanied by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta...can...disrupt the BBB..."

"...Breakdown of the nasal barrier in pollution exposed subjects may also contribute to brain inflammation by increasing the access of PM to the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal pathways..."

Referred to as critical are the tight junctions - such as those found defective by Meggs above .

GENTER M.B. ET AL. UPTAKE OF MATERIALS FROM THE NASAL CAVITY INTO THE BLOOD AND BRAIN. ANN NY ACAD SC 1170: 623-28 2009:

"...Tight junctions are critical barrier features in tissues throughout the body. In the olfactory epithelium, tight junctions are found at the apical surface of cells, adjacent to the nasal airways..."

Airway alteration results in systemic inflammation with proinflammatory cytokines - and direct pathways to the CNS for pollutant particles via the trigeminal and olfactory nerves.

MATSUI Y. ET AL. TRACKING THE PATHWAY OF DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES FROM THE NOSE TO THE BRAIN BY X-RAY FLORESCENSE ANALYSIS. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B  64: 796-801 2009 :

"...DEPs (diesel exhaust particles) consist mainly of a highly agglomerated  solid  carbonaceous material and ash, as well as volatile organic and sulfur compounds..." 

"...The results obtained support that nano-sized DEPs do in fact translocate to the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve..."

 

LEWIS J. ET AL. TRIGEMINAL UPTAKE AND CLEARANCE OF INHALED MANGANESE CHLORIDE IN RATS AND MICE. NEUROTOX 26: 113-23 2005:

"...Although the neuronal architecture of the olfactory and trigeminal systems differ , the fact that both have sensory receptors within the nasal epithelium and project directly to the CNS suggest that similar pathways for toxicant entry may exist ..."

"...These data support the conclusion that a similar pattern of uptake may occur within the trigeminal system as has been observed  in the olfactory system..."

"...into the CNS in concentrations greater than those found with systemic distribution and without penetrating the blood-brain barrier..." 

"...These data underscore the importance of considering routes of toxicant entry that allow for bypassing of the protection afforded by the blood brain barrier, and the importance of understanding the conditions under which these pathways are operative..." 

 

References

CALDERON-GARCIDUENAS ET AL. LONG-TERM AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE IS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROINFLAMMATION, AN ALTERED INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE, DISRUPTION OF THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER, ULTRAFINE PARTICULATE DEPOSITION, AND ACCUMULATION OF AMYLOID BETA-42 AND ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS. TOX PATHOL 36: 289-310 2008

GENTER M.B. ET AL. UPTAKE OF MATERIALS FROM THE NASAL CAVITY INTO THE BLOOD AND BRAIN. ANN NY ACAD SC 1170: 623-28 2009

LEWIS J. ET AL. TRIGEMINAL UPTAKE AND CLEARANCE OF INHALED MANGANESE CHLORIDE IN RATS AND MICE. NEUROTOX 26: 113-23 2005

MEGGS W.J. HYPOTHESIS FOR INDUCTION AND PROPAGATION OF CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY BASED ON BIOPSY STUDIES. ENV H PERSPECT SUPPL 2: 473-78 1997

MATSUI Y. ET AL. TRACKING THE PATHWAY OF DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES FROM THE NOSE TO THE BRAIN BY X-RAY FLORESCENSE ANALYSIS. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B  64: 796-801 2009

 

                                                                                                                                                

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