MCS Consensus I Postscript Splash: Ambient Combustion Aerosol (ACA) Composition (a)

[michael edward badolato jr]

BELPOMME 2020:

"...we showed that natural products such as fermented papaya preparation (FPP) and ginkgo biloba can restore brain pulsatility in the various middle cerebral artery-dependent tissue areas of temporal lobes.."

IRIGARAY 2018b:

"...we have no clear explanation how FPP can restore normal mean PI values and how it can increase mean tissue PI values in comparison with normal values at T3/T6 in the superficial MCA, cortical-subcortical and carotidian areas of the left and right temporal lobes..."

Carotidian (C), Subcortical (SC), Superficial MCA (SMCA) of both the right and left brain temporal lobe areas were raised to abnormally high - nearly 2-4 times normal value:

Rounded data from Irigaray 2018b

BF (before FPP treatment), AF (after 3 or 6 months FPP), Normal (values of historical controls)

Right

C BF 12, AF 23, Normal 13

CS 5, 9, and 2

SMCA 7, 13, and 5

Left

C BF 15, AF 23, Normal 13

CS 5, 9, and 2

SMCA  9, 13, and 5

Could FPP and Ginkgo Biloba have dangerous antiplatelet effects? What is responsible for the FPP induced above normal PI in 6 temporal areas of Irigaray 2018b?

ABEBE 2002:

"... herbal supplements that are known to possess antiplatelet activity (ginkgo, garlic, ginger, bilberry, dong quai, feverfew, ginseng, turmeric, meadowsweet and willow)...

those containing coumarin (chamomile, motherworth, horse chestnut, fenugreek and red clover) and with tamarind, enhancing the risk of bleeding...

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)...ginkgolides (particularly ginkgolide B) have also been shown to inhibit the binding of platelet activating factor (PAF) to its receptors on platelet membranes, resulting in reduced platelet aggregation...

It is believed that bilberry’s medicinal properties stem primarily from the anthocyanins, which also exert antagonism of platelet aggregation (9, 15, 21)..."

GUYTON and HALL 12th Ed:

"...Platelets (also called thrombocytes) are minute discs 1 to 4 micrometers in diameter. They are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes, which are extremely large cells of the hematopoietic series in the marrow; the megakaryocytes fragment into the minute platelets either in the bone marrow or soon after entering the blood, especially as they squeeze through capillaries. The normal concentration of platelets in the blood is between 150,000 and 300,000 per microliter...

The platelet-plugging mechanism is extremely important for closing minute ruptures in very small blood vessels that occur many thousands of times daily. Indeed, multiple small holes through the endothelial cells themselves are often closed by platelets actually fusing with the endothelial cells to form additional endothelial cell membrane. A person who has few blood platelets develops each day literally thousands of small hemorrhagic areas under the skin and throughout the internal tissues, but this does not occur in the normal person...

When a sharp-pointed knife is used to pierce the tip of the finger or lobe of the ear, bleeding ordinarily lasts for 1 to 6 minutes. The time depends largely on the depth of the wound and the degree of hyperemia in the finger or ear lobe at the time of the test. Lack of any one of several of the clotting factors can prolong the bleeding time, but it is especially prolonged by lack of platelets..."

I. Baseline GSAA, ACA, SRPE 1-8

II. Diagnosis, Patient Rights, Etiology 9-14

III. Baseline: Nutrition and Exercise 15-31

A. SJF, LE 15-20

B. Whole Food Nutrition 21-31

IV. Baseline: Nutrition and Exercise 32-38

C. Suboptimal Actors 32

D.. Maintaining Bone Density 33-37

E. Preventing Atherosclerosis 38

Appendix: Added Splash I-VI

Index: MCS, Nutrition, Top Article

MCS Etiology: CAR References  

MCS 2021: CAR Nutrition References

MCS Consensus I Postscript Splash: Ambient Combustion Aerosol (ACA) Composition

MCS Consensus II Postscript Splash: ME/CFS - MCS Cousin, ACA PM Lineage

MCS Consensus III Postscript Splash: Macronutrients - Starch Preferred Energy

MCS Consensus IV Postscript Splash: ACA PM Gastro-Inflammation, Vagal Circuitry

MCS Consensus I Postscript Splash: Ambient Combustion Aerosol (ACA) Composition

The following are subsets - the ACA includes thousands of chemicals and metals - much adsorbed to particulate matter carbonaceous cores (PM).

SCHAUER 2002:

C1-32 organic compounds from gasoline powered motor vehicles

6 branched alkenes including isobutene; 1 alkyne: ethyene

10 saturated cycloalkanes including methylcyclopentane

1 unsaturated cycloalkene; 2 tricyclic terpanes; 3 hopanes

48 aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylene, p-ethyltoluene, m-ethyltoluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1 methylnaphthalene

2 ethers including MTBE, ETBE

12 aliphatic aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal

3 olefinic aldehydes including crotonaldehyde, acrolein, methacrolein

2 aliphatic ketones including acetone, butanone

1 aromatic aldehyde: benzaldehyde; 4 aromatic ketones; 3 dicarbonyls

6 n-alkanoic acids; 2 alkanedioic acids; 2 aromatic acids; 3 other compounds

SCHAUER 1999:

C1-30 organic compounds from medium duty diesel trucks 

23 n-alkanes including n-butane, n-pentane, n-heptane

22 branched alkenes including isopentane; 9 n-alkenes including ethene, propene

2 branched alkenes; 1 diolefin: 1,3 butadiene; 1 alkyne: ethyne; 1 unsaturated cycloalkene

19 saturated cycloalkanes including cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane

38 aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m- and p-xylene, n-propylbenzene, p-ethyltoluene, m-ethyltoluene, 1,3,5,-trimethylbenzene,1,2,4,-trimethylbenzene, naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, C2-naphthalenes, C3-naphthalenes, C4-naphthalenes

2 tricyclic terpenes; 1 diasterane; 4 hopanes; 4 steranes

12 aliphatic aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal

3 olefinic aldehydes; 2 aliphatic ketones including acetone, butanone

3 aromatic aldehydes including benzaldehyde, acetophenone, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde

3 docarbonyls; 11 n-alkanoic acids; 2 alkenedioic acids

2 aromatic acids; 4 other compounds; 1 unresolved complex mixture 

SCHAUER 2001: 

C1-C29 organic compounds from fireplace combustion of wood

18 n-alkanes including methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, n-heptane

3 branched alkanes; 1 cycloalkane; 1 cycloalkene

9 n-alkenes including ethene, propene; 5 branched alkenes

1 alkyne: ethyne (acetylene); 2 diolefins includng 1,3-butadiene

41 aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, naphthalene, phenanthrene

9 phenols and substituted phenols including phenol, o-cresol, m-and p-cresol, dimethylphenols, o-benzenediol

11 guaiacol and substituted guaiacols; 3 syringol and substituted syringols

7 aliphatic aldehydes including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, hexanal, heptanal

2 aliphatic ketones including acetone, butanone

3 olefinic aldehydes including acrolein, crotonaldehyde, methacrolein

4 aromatic carbonyls; 4 dicarbonyls; 12 n-alkanoic acids

2 n-alkenoic acids; 9 resin acids; 2 sugars; 4 PAH ketones; 5 other  compounds