Mgt 112 Nutrition: A Package Deal

[michael edward badolato jr]

From Cordain et al. Origins and evolution of the Western diet.  Health implications for the 21st Century. Am J Cl Nutr 81; 341-54 2005:

68% of total daily energy:

alcohol - 1.4%

vegetable oils - 17.6

refined sugar - 18.6

refined grains - 20.4

dairy products - 10.6

much from cookies, cake, bakery foods, breakfast cereals, bagels, rolls, muffins, crackers, chips, snack foods, pizza, soft drinks, candy, ice cream, condiments, and salad dressings.

resulting in:

overweight or obese - 65%

cardiovascular disease - 64 million

hypertension - 50 million

type 2 diabetes - 11 million

cancer - 25% of deaths - one third due to nutrition

over 240mg/dl cholesterol - 37 million 

 

It is a moral decision - package deal.

Non nutritional food:

fats (Fisher-Wellman 2010,

Delgado-Lista 2008, Klein-Platat 2005, Shi 2005, Andersson 2002, Robertson

2002, Friedman 1965)

refined carbohydrate (Jakobsen 2010, Siri-Tarino 2010, Liu 2000)

sugar (Aeberli 2007, Chong 2007, Johnson 2007, Bantle 2000, Reiser 1989, Hallfrisch 1983)

supplements (Czernichow 2009, Meydani  2009, Song 2009, McCormick 2006, Bleys 2006, Byers

1995)

drugs (CDC 2010)

and health care consumption (LBO 2009, 2009a) -

 

Or whole

nutritious foods.

 

                                                   cancer death rate per 100,000

                      Dietary Fat g    breast   prostate   intestinal   total of 3

Thailand                25                1             0               1               2

Phillipines             30                4             1               2               7

El Salvador            40                1             1               3               5

Japan                     42                3             2               4               9

Taiwan                   44                3             1               4               8

Ceylon                    46                2             1               1               4

 

UK                         144              24            12             12             48

Canada                  144             24            13             13             50

USA                       150              21            15             13             49

Netherlands           155              25            13             11             49

New Zealand         158              23            13             13             49

Denmark                159              24            14             14             52

 

Adapted from: Carroll K.K. and Khor H.T. Dietary fat in relation to tumorigenesis. Prog Biochem Pharmacol 10:308-53 1975

 

References 

fats:

Fisher-Wellman K.H. and Bloomer R.J. Exacerbated postprandial oxida...

stress induced by the acute intake of a lipid meal compared to isoenergetically administered carbohydrate, protein, and mixed meals in healthy young men. Am Coll Nutr 29;4:373-81 2010

Delgado-Lista J. et al. Chronic dietary fat intake modifies the post prandial response of hemostatic markers to a single fatty test meal. Am J Cl Nutr 87:424-30 2008

Klein-Platat C. et al. Plasma FA concentration is associated with the metabolic syndrome and low grade inflammation in overweight adolescents. Am J CL Nutr 82:1178-84 2005

Shi Q. et al. Arterial endothelial dysfunction in baboons fed a high cholesterol high fat diet. Am J Cl Nutr 82:751-9 2005

Andersson A. et al. Fatty acid composition of skeletal muscle reflects dietary fat composition in humans. Am J Cl Nutr 76;6:1222-9 2002

Robertson M.D. et al. Acute effects of meal fatty acid composition on insulin sensitivity in healthy post menopausal women. Br J Nutr 88:635-40 2002

Friedman M. et al. Effect of unsaturated fats upon lipemia and conjunctival circulation. JAMA 193:882-6 1965

refined carb:

Jakobsen M.U. Intake of carbohydrate comparedwith intake of saturated fats and risk of myocardial infarction: importance of the glycemic index. Am J Cl Nutr 91:1764-8 2010

Siri-Tarino P.W. et al. Saturated fat, carbohydrate, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Cl Nutr 91: 502-9 2010

Liu S. et al. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. 71;6:1455-61 2000

sugar:

Aeberli I. Fructose intake is a predictor of LDL particle size in overweight schoolchildren. Am J Cl Nutr 86;4:1174-8 2007

Chong M. F-F. et al. Mechanisms for the acute effect of fructose on postprandial lipemia. Am J Cl Nutr 85: 1511-20 2007

Johnson R.J. et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Am J Cl Nutr 86:899-906 2007

Bantle J.P. et al. Effect of dietary fructose on plasma lipids in healthy subjects. Am J Cl Nutr 72;5:1128-34 2000

Reiser S. et al. Blood lipids, lipoproteins, apoproteins, and uric acid in men fed diets containing fructose or high amylose cornstarch. Am J Cl Nutr 49:832-9 1989

Hallfrisch J. et al. Blood lipid distribution of hyperinsulinec men consuming 3 levels of fructose. Am J Cl Nutr 37:740-8 1983

supplements:

Czernichow S. et al. Effects of long-term antioxidant supplementation and association of serum antioxidant concentrations with risk of metabolic syndrome in adults. Am J Cl Nutr 90:329-35 2009

Meydani M and Azzi A. Diabetes risk: antioxidants or lifestyle? Am J Cl Nutr 90:253-4 2009

Song Y. et al. Effects of vitamin C and E and beta carotene on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Cl Nutr 90:429-37 2009

McCormick D.E. The dubious use of vitamin mineral supplements in relation to cardiovascular disease. Am J Cl Nutr 84:680-1 2006

Bleys et al. Vitamin-mineral supplementation and the progression of atherosclerosis: a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Cl Nutr 84:880-7 2006

Byers T. and Guerraro N. Epidemiologic evidence for vitamin C  and vitamin E in cancer prevention. Am J Cl Nutr 62:1385-92s 1995

drugs:

CDC. Centers for disease control and prevention. National center for health statistics (NCHS) data brief number 42 2010

health care consumption:

Left business observer. Overconsuming health. 2009

Left business observer, How American awfulness stacks up. 2009a