Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Etiology
Airway Genetics and Ambient Combustion Aerosol
SPC 6 cont, References
determinant of process from that point. Having reached that understanding - studies have become a circle of career fulfillment - lifestyle unchanged - an atmosphere of status quo - complete destruction - physically and morally horrible - as if dishonest - insisting these diseases are poorly understood.
In 1977 - advent of vehicle catalytic converters - it was predicted that growing production of fine particle aerosol acid sulfate (H2SO4) - transformation of SO2 (gas phase) by catalytic converters - would result in inflammation of healthy lung tissue and aggravation of pre-existing heart or lung impairment (Myronuck 1977) - asthma rates have nearly doubled since 1980.
References
Araujo J.A.& Nel A.E. Particulate matter and atherosclerosis: role of particle size, composition, and oxidative stress. Part Fibre Tox 6:24 2009
Donaldson K. et al. Free radical activity associated with the surface of particles: a unifying factor in determining biological activity? Tox Let 88;1-3:293-8 1996
Donaldson K.& Stone V. Current hypothesis on the mechanisms of toxicity of ultrafine particles. Ann First Super Sanita 39;3:405-10 2003
Kreyling W.G. et al. Dosimetry and toxicology of ultrafine particles. J Aer Med 17;2:140-52 2004
Kreyling W.G. et al. Ultrafine particle-lung interactions: does size matter? J Aer Med 19;1:74-83 2006
Phalen R.F.& Mendez L.B. Dosimetry considerations for animal aerosol inhalation studies. Biomarkers 14(s1):63-6 2009
Schmid O. et al. Dosimetry and toxicology of inhaled ultrafine particles. Biomarkers 14(s1): 67-73 2009
Suwa T. et al. Interleukin-6 changes deformability of neutrophils and induces their sequestration in the lung. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 163:070-76 2001
Suwa T. et al. Interleukin-6 induces demargination of intravascular neutrophils and shortens their transit in marrow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Phyiol 279:H2954-60 2000
Jansen J.H. et al. Interleukin 6 is a permissive factor for monocyte colony formation by human hematopoietic progenitor cells. J Exp Med 175:1151-54 1992
Patchen M.L. et al. Administration of interleukin-6 stimulates multilineage hematopoiesis and accelerates recovery from radiation-induced hematopoietic depression. Blood 177:472-80 1991
Bot F.J. et al. Interleukin-6 synergizes with M-CSF in the formation of macrophage colonies from purified human marrow progenitor cells. Blood 73:435-37 1989
Maes M. et al. Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic_Encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, PMN elastase, lysozyme and neopterin. J Affect Disord 136:933-39 2012
Maes M.and Twisk F.N. Chronic fatigue syndrome: Harvey and Wessely's (bio) psychosocial model versus a bio (psychosocial) model based on inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. BMC Med 8;35 2010
Maes M. et al. Not in the mind of neurasthenic lazybones but in the cell nucleus: patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have increased production of nuclear factor kappa beta.Neuroendocrin Let 28;4:456-62 2007a
Maes M. et al. Not in the mind of neurasthenic lazybones but in the cell: increased production of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuroendocrin Let 28;4:463-69 2007b
Geiser M. et al. Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells. EHP 113:1555-60
Myronuck O.J. Augmented ingestion of carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides by occupants of motor vehicles while idling in driveup facility lanes. Water, air, soil poll 7;2:203-13 1977
Abbott N.J. Dynamics of CNS barriers: evolution, differentiation and modulation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 25:5-23 2005
Benveniste E.N. Cytokine actions in the central nervous system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 9:259-75 1998
Cunningham C. et al. Central and systemic endotoxin challenges exascerbate the local inflammatory response and increase neuronal death during chronic neurodegeneration. J Neurosc 25:9275-84 2005
Ferrari C.C. et al. Progressive neurodegeneration and motor disabilities induced by chronic expression of IL-1 beta in the substantia nigrae. Neurobiol Dis 24:183-93 2006
Griffin W.S. & Mrak R.E. Interleukin-1 in the genesis and progression of and risk for development of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. J Leukoc Biol 72:233-38 2002
Lossinsky A.S. & Shivers R.R. Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Rev Histol Histopath 19:535-64 2004
Pahl H.L. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-Kappa B transcription factors. Oncogene 18:6853-66 1999
Rothwell N.J. & Luheshi G.N. Interleukin-1 in the brain: biology, pathology and therapeutic target. Trends Neurosc 23:618-25 2000
Xiao G. et al. Alternative pathways of NF-kB activation: A double-edged sword in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 17:281-93 2006
Lorusso L. et al. Immunological aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome. Autoimmune Rev 8;4:287-91 2009
Fletcher M.A. et al. Plasme cytokines in women with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Trans Med 1:96 2009
Dorman D.C. et al. Olfactory transport: a direct route of delivery of inhaled manganese phosphate to the rat brain. J Tox Env H 65:1493-511 2002
Henriksson J. et al. Uptake of nickel into the brain via olfactory neurons in rats. Tox Lett 91:153-62 1997
McGeer P.L. et al. Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents and Alzheimer,s disease: the last 12 years. J Alzheimer's disease 9:271-76 2006
Jellinger K.A. Neuropathological spectrum of synucleopathies. Mov Disord 18:52-12 2003
Nguyen M.D. et al. Innate immunity: the missing link in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration? Nat Rev Neurosc 3:216-27 2002
Selkoe D.J. Alzheimer's disease is a synaptic failure. Science 298:789-91 2002
Selkoe D.J. Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev 81:741-66 2001
Sherer T.B et al. Environment, mitochondria, and Parkinson's disease. Neurosc 20:6309-16 2002
Rothen-Rutishauser B.M. Interaction of fine particles and nanoparticles with red blood cells visualized with advanced microscopic techniques. Env Sc Tech 40: 4353-59 2006
Fassbender K. et al. The LPS receptor (CD 14) links innate immunity with Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 18:203-5 2004
Blamire A.M. et al. Interleukin-1-beta-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, apparent diffusion coefficient, and cerebral blood volume in the rat brain: a magnetic resonance study. J Neurosc 20;8:53-9 2000
Hickey W.F. Basic principles of immunological surveillance of the normal central nervous system. Glia 36:118-24 2001
Rivest S. How circulating cytokines trigger the neural circuits that control the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pychoneuroendocrin 26:761-88 2001
Farkas e. et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases cerebral blood flow and ultrastructural capillary damage through the release of nitric oxide in the rat brain. Microvasc res 72:113-19 2006
In 1977 - advent of vehicle catalytic converters - it was predicted that growing production of fine particle aerosol acid sulfate (H2SO4) - transformation of SO2 (gas phase) by catalytic converters - would result in inflammation of healthy lung tissue and aggravation of pre-existing heart or lung impairment (Myronuck 1977) - asthma rates have nearly doubled since 1980.
References
Araujo J.A.& Nel A.E. Particulate matter and atherosclerosis: role of particle size, composition, and oxidative stress. Part Fibre Tox 6:24 2009
Donaldson K. et al. Free radical activity associated with the surface of particles: a unifying factor in determining biological activity? Tox Let 88;1-3:293-8 1996
Donaldson K.& Stone V. Current hypothesis on the mechanisms of toxicity of ultrafine particles. Ann First Super Sanita 39;3:405-10 2003
Kreyling W.G. et al. Dosimetry and toxicology of ultrafine particles. J Aer Med 17;2:140-52 2004
Kreyling W.G. et al. Ultrafine particle-lung interactions: does size matter? J Aer Med 19;1:74-83 2006
Phalen R.F.& Mendez L.B. Dosimetry considerations for animal aerosol inhalation studies. Biomarkers 14(s1):63-6 2009
Schmid O. et al. Dosimetry and toxicology of inhaled ultrafine particles. Biomarkers 14(s1): 67-73 2009
Suwa T. et al. Interleukin-6 changes deformability of neutrophils and induces their sequestration in the lung. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 163:070-76 2001
Suwa T. et al. Interleukin-6 induces demargination of intravascular neutrophils and shortens their transit in marrow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Phyiol 279:H2954-60 2000
Jansen J.H. et al. Interleukin 6 is a permissive factor for monocyte colony formation by human hematopoietic progenitor cells. J Exp Med 175:1151-54 1992
Patchen M.L. et al. Administration of interleukin-6 stimulates multilineage hematopoiesis and accelerates recovery from radiation-induced hematopoietic depression. Blood 177:472-80 1991
Bot F.J. et al. Interleukin-6 synergizes with M-CSF in the formation of macrophage colonies from purified human marrow progenitor cells. Blood 73:435-37 1989
Maes M. et al. Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic_Encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, PMN elastase, lysozyme and neopterin. J Affect Disord 136:933-39 2012
Maes M.and Twisk F.N. Chronic fatigue syndrome: Harvey and Wessely's (bio) psychosocial model versus a bio (psychosocial) model based on inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. BMC Med 8;35 2010
Maes M. et al. Not in the mind of neurasthenic lazybones but in the cell nucleus: patients with chronic fatigue syndrome have increased production of nuclear factor kappa beta.Neuroendocrin Let 28;4:456-62 2007a
Maes M. et al. Not in the mind of neurasthenic lazybones but in the cell: increased production of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase in chronic fatigue syndrome. Neuroendocrin Let 28;4:463-69 2007b
Geiser M. et al. Ultrafine particles cross cellular membranes by nonphagocytic mechanisms in lungs and in cultured cells. EHP 113:1555-60
Myronuck O.J. Augmented ingestion of carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides by occupants of motor vehicles while idling in driveup facility lanes. Water, air, soil poll 7;2:203-13 1977
Abbott N.J. Dynamics of CNS barriers: evolution, differentiation and modulation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 25:5-23 2005
Benveniste E.N. Cytokine actions in the central nervous system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 9:259-75 1998
Cunningham C. et al. Central and systemic endotoxin challenges exascerbate the local inflammatory response and increase neuronal death during chronic neurodegeneration. J Neurosc 25:9275-84 2005
Ferrari C.C. et al. Progressive neurodegeneration and motor disabilities induced by chronic expression of IL-1 beta in the substantia nigrae. Neurobiol Dis 24:183-93 2006
Griffin W.S. & Mrak R.E. Interleukin-1 in the genesis and progression of and risk for development of neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. J Leukoc Biol 72:233-38 2002
Lossinsky A.S. & Shivers R.R. Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood brain barrier during inflammatory conditions. Rev Histol Histopath 19:535-64 2004
Pahl H.L. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-Kappa B transcription factors. Oncogene 18:6853-66 1999
Rothwell N.J. & Luheshi G.N. Interleukin-1 in the brain: biology, pathology and therapeutic target. Trends Neurosc 23:618-25 2000
Xiao G. et al. Alternative pathways of NF-kB activation: A double-edged sword in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 17:281-93 2006
Lorusso L. et al. Immunological aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome. Autoimmune Rev 8;4:287-91 2009
Fletcher M.A. et al. Plasme cytokines in women with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Trans Med 1:96 2009
Dorman D.C. et al. Olfactory transport: a direct route of delivery of inhaled manganese phosphate to the rat brain. J Tox Env H 65:1493-511 2002
Henriksson J. et al. Uptake of nickel into the brain via olfactory neurons in rats. Tox Lett 91:153-62 1997
McGeer P.L. et al. Inflammation, anti-inflammatory agents and Alzheimer,s disease: the last 12 years. J Alzheimer's disease 9:271-76 2006
Jellinger K.A. Neuropathological spectrum of synucleopathies. Mov Disord 18:52-12 2003
Nguyen M.D. et al. Innate immunity: the missing link in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration? Nat Rev Neurosc 3:216-27 2002
Selkoe D.J. Alzheimer's disease is a synaptic failure. Science 298:789-91 2002
Selkoe D.J. Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev 81:741-66 2001
Sherer T.B et al. Environment, mitochondria, and Parkinson's disease. Neurosc 20:6309-16 2002
Rothen-Rutishauser B.M. Interaction of fine particles and nanoparticles with red blood cells visualized with advanced microscopic techniques. Env Sc Tech 40: 4353-59 2006
Fassbender K. et al. The LPS receptor (CD 14) links innate immunity with Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 18:203-5 2004
Blamire A.M. et al. Interleukin-1-beta-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, apparent diffusion coefficient, and cerebral blood volume in the rat brain: a magnetic resonance study. J Neurosc 20;8:53-9 2000
Hickey W.F. Basic principles of immunological surveillance of the normal central nervous system. Glia 36:118-24 2001
Rivest S. How circulating cytokines trigger the neural circuits that control the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pychoneuroendocrin 26:761-88 2001
Farkas e. et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases cerebral blood flow and ultrastructural capillary damage through the release of nitric oxide in the rat brain. Microvasc res 72:113-19 2006
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